There is a higher prevelance in small or toy breed dogs. Retained (Persistent) Deciduous Teeth is a condition where the "baby" teeth fail to come out on their own. Treatment includes a thorough dental exam, dental x-rays, and extraction of the affected teeth. Pre-operative bloodwork is often performed. Clinical signs can include difficulty chewing, decreased appetite, and hypersalivation. Resorptive Lesions in Cats is progressive loss of the tooth as a result of resorption. Treatment can include pain medications, oral or local antibiotics, and extraction of the affected teeth. Diagnosis is based on oral exam, bloodwork, and a thorough dental assessment and x-rays under anesthesia. Clinical signs include malodorous breath, difficulty chewing, no longer chewing hard toys, loose teeth, and general malaise. Periodontal Disease is inflammation and infection of the gingiva, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone surrounding the tooth root. Treatment includes extraction of the affected tooth, oral antibiotics, pain medication, and closure of the fistula. Diagnostic testing involves an oral examination, bloodwork, x-rays, and a thorough dental examination under anesthesia. Clinical signs include nasal discharge, sneezing, or malodorous breath. The upper canine teeth are most often affected. Oronasal Fistula is a connection between the oral and nasal cavities as a result of severe periodontal disease. Treatment depends on the type of tumor diagnosed, but can include pain control or palliative therapy, removal of the mass, jaw resection, or radiation therapy. Diagnosis is based on oral examination, bloodwork, x-rays or advanced imaging, and biopsy of the mass. Clinical signs include the owner visualizing the tumor, pet having difficulty chewing, hypersalivation, malodor, and bleeding from the mouth. Oral Neoplasia is cancer of the oral cavity that can be benign, locally invasive, or malignant. This may involve in no treatment, extraction of teeth, or orthodontic treatment. Therapy involves ensuring the pet is free from pain and has a functional bite. Malocclusion is an abnormal position of the teeth affecting normal alignment of the jaw. This can involve a therapeutic muzzle, canned/pureed diet, or surgical correction. It is diagnosed by physical exam, bloodwork, and skull or dental x-rays.Treatment involves pain control and restoring proper occlusion and ability to eat. Jaw Fractures occur secondary to trauma, severe periodontal disease, cancer, or metabolic disease. Therapy may involve fluid therapy, antihistamines, steroids, epinephrine, oxygen therapy, and medications for specific symptoms. Diagnostic testing includes bloodwork, blood pressure, and chest x-rays if difficulty breathing. Clinical signs are facial swelling, hives, pruritus, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, respiratory distress, and collapse. Reactions to parasiticides, vaccinations, insect bites, snake bites, a food ingredient, or exposure to certain plants and other environmental allergens can also occur. Adverse reactions may occur secondary to medications such as, antibiotics, hormones, and chemotherapy agents.
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